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<title>Acide 2-phosphoglycérique</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Acide 2-phosphoglycérique</span></h1>
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<td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;color:black;">Acide 2-phosphoglycérique
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"></span></td>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Structure de l'acide 2-phospho-D-glycérique.</td>
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<th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Identification</th></tr>
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<th scope="row"><a href="Nomenclature_de_l'UICPA" title="Nomenclature de l'UICPA">Nom UICPA</a>
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<td><small>Acide 3-hydroxy-2-phosphonooxypropanoïque</small>
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<th scope="row"><a href="Synonymie" title="Synonymie">Synonymes</a>
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<p>2PG
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<th scope="row"><a href="Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS">N<sup>o</sup> CAS</a>
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<td><span class="reflink neverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=2553-59-5&amp;language=fr&amp;title=Acide_2-phosphoglycérique">2553-59-5</a></span></span>
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<th scope="row"><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
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<td><span class=""><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/59">59</a></span></span>
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<th scope="row"><a href="Simplified_Molecular_Input_Line_Entry_System" title="Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System">SMILES</a>
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<td><div class="NavFrame" title="[afficher]/[masquer]" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;">C(C(C(=O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O <br><span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/?smarts=C%28C%28C%28%3DO%29O%29OP%28%3DO%29%28O%29O%29O">PubChem</a></span>, <span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Acide+2-phosphoglyc%C3%A9rique&amp;model=C%28C%28C%28%3DO%29O%29OP%28%3DO%29%28O%29O%29O">vue 3D</a></span></div></div>
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<th scope="row"><a href="International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a>
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<td><div class="NavFrame" title="[afficher]/[masquer]" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;"><b>Std. InChI&nbsp;:</b> <span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Acide+2-phosphoglyc%C3%A9rique&amp;model=InChI%3D1S%2FC3H7O7P%2Fc4-1-2%283%285%296%2910-11%287%2C8%299%2Fh2%2C4H%2C1H2%2C%28H%2C5%2C6%29%28H2%2C7%2C8%2C9%29">vue 3D</a></span> <br>InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-1-2(3(5)6)10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) <br><b>Std. InChIKey&nbsp;:</b> <br>GXIURPTVHJPJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Propriétés chimiques</th></tr>
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<th scope="row"><a href="Formule_chimique" title="Formule chimique">Formule</a>
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<td><a href="Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a><sub>3</sub><a href="Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a><sub>7</sub><a href="Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><sub>7</sub><a href="Phosphore" title="Phosphore">P</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="page_h"><a href="C3H7O7P" class="mw-disambig" title="C3H7O7P"><small>[Isomères]</small></a></span><br>
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<th scope="row"><a href="Masse_molaire" title="Masse molaire">Masse molaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<td>186,057&nbsp;2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,005&nbsp;<a href="Gramme" title="Gramme">g</a>/<a href="Mole_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Mole (unité)">mol</a> <br><small>C&nbsp;19,37&nbsp;%, H&nbsp;3,79&nbsp;%, O&nbsp;60,19&nbsp;%, P&nbsp;16,65&nbsp;%, </small>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Unités du <a href="Syst%C3%A8me_international_d'unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">SI</a> et <a href="Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression"><abbr title="conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</abbr></a>, sauf indication contraire.</td>
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<p>L’<b>acide 2-phosphoglycérique</b> — ou <b>2-phosphoglycérate</b> sous forme déprotonée, abrégée en <b>2PG</b> — est un <a href="Compos%C3%A9_organique" title="Composé organique">composé organique</a> important en <a href="Biochimie" title="Biochimie">biochimie</a>. Seul l'<a href="%C3%89nantiom%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Énantiomère">énantiomère</a> 2-phospho-<small>D</small>-glycérate est biologiquement actif. Il intervient comme <a href="M%C3%A9tabolite" title="Métabolite">métabolite</a> de la <a href="Glycolyse" title="Glycolyse">glycolyse</a> en relation avec la <a href="Cha%C3%AEne_respiratoire" title="Chaîne respiratoire">chaîne respiratoire</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rôle_dans_la_glycolyse"><span id="R.C3.B4le_dans_la_glycolyse"></span>Rôle dans la glycolyse</h2></div>

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<td colspan="3" bgcolor="f0e0e0"><b>Biosynthèse</b>
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<td>&nbsp;
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<td colspan="3" bgcolor="f0e0e0"><b>Dégradation</b>
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<td>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c37b981df851b9e54e489e017b1481e37d418f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }" loading="lazy"></span>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
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<td>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo class="MJX-variant" stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c37b981df851b9e54e489e017b1481e37d418f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }" loading="lazy"></span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="Eau" title="Eau">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a> + &nbsp;
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<td><a href="Acide_3-phosphoglyc%C3%A9rique" title="Acide 3-phosphoglycérique">3PG</a>
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<td>&nbsp;
</td>
<td>2PG
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<td>&nbsp;
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<td>2PG
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<td>&nbsp;
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<td><a href="Acide_phospho%C3%A9nolpyruvique" title="Acide phosphoénolpyruvique">PEP</a>
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<td colspan="3" bgcolor="ffffd0"><i><a href="Phosphoglyc%C3%A9rate_mutase" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphoglycérate mutase">Phosphoglycérate mutase</a></i> – <small><b><a href="Nomenclature_EC" title="Nomenclature EC">EC</a> <span class="reflink neverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expasy.org/enzyme/5.4.2.1"><span title="Isomerases, Intramolecular Transferases, Phosphotransferases (Phosphomutases), phosphoglycerate mutase">5.4.2.1</span></a></span></span></b></small>
</td>
<td>&nbsp;
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<td colspan="3" bgcolor="ffffd0"><i><a href="%C3%89nolase" title="Énolase">Énolase</a> (phosphopyruvate hydratase)</i> – <small><b><a href="Nomenclature_EC" title="Nomenclature EC">EC</a> <span class="reflink neverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expasy.org/enzyme/4.2.1.11"><span title="Lyases, Carbon-Oxygen Lyases, Hydro-Lyases, phosphopyruvate hydratase">4.2.1.11</span></a></span></span></b></small>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosynthèse"><span id="Biosynth.C3.A8se"></span>Biosynthèse</h3></div>
<p>Le <a href="Acide_3-phosphoglyc%C3%A9rique" title="Acide 3-phosphoglycérique">3-phospho-<small>D</small>-glycérate</a> (3PG) produit au cours de la glycolyse est <a href="Isom%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomère">isomérisé</a> en 2-phospho-<small>D</small>-glycérate (2PG) par la <i><a href="Phosphoglyc%C3%A9rate_mutase" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphoglycérate mutase">phosphoglycérate mutase</a></i>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dégradation"><span id="D.C3.A9gradation"></span>Dégradation</h3></div>
<p>Le 2-phospho-<small>D</small>-glycérate est ensuite <a href="D%C3%A9shydratation_(chimie)" title="Déshydratation (chimie)">déshydraté</a> par une <a href="Lyase" title="Lyase">lyase</a>, l’<i><a href="%C3%89nolase" title="Énolase">énolase</a></i> (ou <i>phosphopyruvate hydratase</i>), pour former le <a href="Acide_phospho%C3%A9nolpyruvique" title="Acide phosphoénolpyruvique">phosphoénolpyruvate</a> (PEP). Un cation <a href="Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium">Mg<sup>2+</sup></a> est requis comme «&nbsp;<a href="Catalyseur" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyseur">catalyseur</a>&nbsp;» de la <a href="R%C3%A9action_chimique" title="Réaction chimique">réaction</a> de <a href="R%C3%A9action_de_d%C3%A9shydratation" title="Réaction de déshydratation">déshydratation</a>, tandis qu'un second Mg<sup>2+</sup> intervient avec un rôle «&nbsp;conformationnel&nbsp;» en coordination avec le <a href="Groupe_fonctionnel" title="Groupe fonctionnel">groupe</a> <a href="Carboxyle" title="Carboxyle">carboxyle</a> du 2PG.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Masse molaire calculée d’après <span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Atomic weights of the elements 2007</span></cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">www.chem.qmul.ac.uk</span></span>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
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